Site Name: Hillfort, Brean Down
Scheduled Monument: Multi-period site on Brean Down [No:13811]
Civil Parish: Brean
Grid Ref: ST 298 589 (ST 25 NE)

At the E end of Brean Down a bank of stones 4-8ft high with an outer ditch, makes an angle, ending on the steep slope on the N and destroyed by quarrying on the E. {1} 

In the C18-19, before quarrying, it was described as a square earthwork. {2}

Referred to as a hillfort, occupied by a derelict army camp, which may be connected with the Roman or post-Roman occupation of the temple site (PRN 10117). {3}

During quarrying a number of Roman finds were made including gold coins of Augustus, Nero, and Drusus, two silver denarii of Vespasian and a Roman cornelian ring. All are now dispersed. The principal feature of the earthwork is a bank and rock cut ditch running N-S across the ridge. At its S end the bank turns E and follows a natural fault line along the top of an outcrop. Some disturbance of the earthwork was caused by WWII military installations (see PRNs 12362,12380). It is not a hillfort in the usually accepted Iron age fashion. {4}

A small excavation in 1974 disproved the proposed post-Roman date, see PRN 17220. {5}

There are no clear indications of defences on the N side, though they may have been destroyed The simple gap in the centre of the W side may be original but it is now occupied by a military road and is not mentioned in earlier accounts. {6}

Ditch 5m wide and 1.25m deep with a bank on the E side. This is 5m wide and 1.5m high, built of stone. The bank is topped by the remains of a drystone wall of large irregular blocks with only one course apparent. There is a small amount of bracken but generally free of vegetation. {7}

Rescheduled as part of larger area with new national number on 17/9/1993. Previously Somerset 217. {12}


References:

1 Mention - Victoria County History of Somerset 1911 vol. 2, 472
2 Mention - Phelps, W 1839 "History of Somerset" vol. 1, 134
3 Mention - ApSimon, A. "The Roman Temple...interim report…" Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society " 8:2 (1958), 109
4 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division 1978 ST25NE1 (SCC Planning Department)
5 Personal communication - Chris Webster, Somerset County Council (8/12/2004)
6 Mention - Burrow, I Hillfort and Hilltop Settlement..., BAR 91 (1981), 379-81
7 Detailed records - HBMC Field Monument Wardens report (SCC Planning Department)
8 Mention - Knight, F.A 1902 "Seaboard of Mendip", 298
9 Aerial photographs - WAP OAP BB1343.2 (not in (SCC Planning Department))
10 Mention - National Trust pamphlet (no date) "Brean Down", 15
11 Finds stored - Weston-super-Mare museum
12 Correspondence - English Heritage to Somerset County Council 11.10.93

Data kindly supplied by the Somerset Historic Environment Record.
Record created on 06 December 2001
© Copyright Somerset County Council 2007

Recommended books on hill forts;
Danebury Hillfort ~ Barry Cunliffe
Hillforts of England and Wales ~ James Dyer
Cadbury Castle - The Hillfort and Landscapes ~ Richard Tabor
The Wessex Hillfort Project ~ Andrew Payne, Mark Corney and Barry Cunliffe
Hillforts: Prehistoric Strongholds of Northumberland National Park ~ Stewart Ainsworth and Trevor Pearson
Celtic Fortifications ~ Ian Ralston